My Leg Is Twitching And Huts

MIGRATION - E tui, sesi de chine? 12

And here's the last post (really!) on Tespiadi in Sardinia.
We left them orphans of their pater spiritual, Iolaus, but well established in the palace of the island, rich and independent . The usual

Diodorus Siculus tells us that the colony received an oracle, presumably before departure: those who would join the expedition would remain forever free. The same
Diodorus, who lived around the beginning of the first century BC, was surprised that "contrary to all expectations," the oracle was found to be correct until his time, despite the attacks of the Carthaginians and the Romans.

But Diodorus also informs us that something had changed: the descendants of Tespiadi , who were lords of the island for many generations, in the end had been driven from their people.
Historian \\ mythographer does not give us' the reasons: it merely says that the descendants of Heracles left the island and arrived in the Campania coast, more precisely near Cuma . The Iolaei chose as their leaders left the aristoi and continued to defend their freedom. Who were these
aristoi ? Were chosen to mom ent of uprising, or There was already a nobility below the reigning families of Tespiadi ?
The answers can only be assumptions.

The fact that Diodorus, the Iolaei who had lost the splendor marked the era of tespiadi . It imb Arbara , and safeguard their independence foreigners left the rich coasts and the plains Ioalee to take refuge inside. Here, thanks all'asperità of the land and those which Diodorus describes as "inextricable underground", all shipments Carthage ended in a fiasco: at another point, the historian makes it clear that these underground dwellings, and the ancestors of pig iron fil of more recent periods, were almost impossible to find. When
then came the Romans (from 238 BC) the situation has not changed: despite repeated triumphs, and Sardi courses, for Diodorus these people were not really love submissive, in fact.

In another passage, in fact, Diodorus adds that Iole had taken refuge in the mountains, there had built underground dwellings of which we have discussed above and used to breed herds that made them self-sufficient : from greek good (Sicilians and for more) Diodorus seen a regression in the abandonment of agriculture in favor of a predominant sheep. These Sardinian "barbaric" contented to consume milk, cheese and meat, and abandoned the plain, "Avoiding the hard work of the fields."
Diodorus tells us elsewhere that this return to barbarism was due to the absence of their "Greek hand" of Tespiadi , because the barbarians were numerically higher than the Greek colonists, soon absorb them. But this "barbarism" should not be so terrible to Diodorus, in the end the Sardinians spent a life without pain pay of the foods mentioned.
But not only meat that man lives, and so Strabo (who lived between 63 BC and 20 AD), tells us that fertile parts of the island, even in imperial times, they were constantly looted by residents of the mountains, called Diagesbei , "while once they were called Iole .

Our second largest source, Pausanias, states that the "protection of the mountains" guaranteed to Ilies courses and the salvation of the Carthaginian fleet. He added that it was the Punic, not the prev Edentia settlers , To build and Karali Sulci.
build or rebuild? Or simply , as will thousands of years later in Alghero, removing the main city by the locals to replace them with Punic settlers?
Other assumptions that can not find a definitive answer.

But beware: we have always said that if Diodorus speaks of Iolaei (later renamed Diagesbei , according to Strabo ), Pausanias speaks of Ilies, as the geographer Pomponius Mela.
A small difference in pronunciation, transcription or something more? In the myth
words, the nuances are important. Some myths seem born to the wrong etymology ...

Back to Strabo: in his opinion "barbarians" of the island, then who joined the Tespiadi were Tirreni. And this we will talk, even if the fact that the two peoples living on the two sides of the same sea will certainly influenced this theory. But more interesting

is what Pausanias says. Speaking of shipments of the Carthaginians on the island, says that they almost completely annihilated the Hellenes, namely Iole. But, and here is the surprise, Ilie (not Iole ) age of the writer were not survivors of Hellenes, but the Trojans ...!
Yes, the Trojans took refuge in "high places of the island and in the mountains" by the difficult access, protected by cliffs and defenses.
Silio Italico, poet of the first century AD confirms and clarifies that it was not an oversight, but a clear line of mythical tradition: the Trojans (another name for the Trojans) would come to Hawaii "cast from the beach (Shipwreck • After a storm?), and here joined them with his Iolaus Tespiadi .
Not that these Trojans \\ Ilie have a different fate: for Pausanias is barbarity, becoming similar in appearance to the Libyans, in armor and in any other way of life.
But these are the "libido" which resembled , who were they? The Carthaginians? Or maybe Libi Sardo were the "largest component" that had absorbed the Greek (and, at this point, the Trojans)?

Again, the answers can only be the result of assumptions.

But Sardi \\ Tirreni and Sardi \\ Trojans, we'll talk soon .

Does Rihanna Have Extensions Or Weave

MIGRATION - E tui, sesi de chine? 11

still a place of business and Iolaus Tespiadi in Sardinia, was born to tell how the mythical Sardinia.
a place where it is called the wealth, miraculous resurrections, rejuvenation, wars and beheadings.

We have seen that Iolaus was a great builder of high schools, courts and tholoi (nuraghi?) With the aid, according to some, of Daedalus. According to a current that follows
Sallustio, echoed by Pausanias, Daedalus was already in Sardinia, had come with the migration of Aristeo, but this does not mean that has subsequently worked for Iolaus.
is a fact that went: migrated to Cumae, where he built a temple to Apollo in which he told his story and the ill-fated flight of Icarus. So says Servius, so Virgil had narrated.

and the colony of Iolaus? Prospered. The usual
Diodorus tells us that Iolaus, defeated the natives, divided up the land, dividing it and improving it. The plain (Campidano?) Was still called Ioaleion Sicilian writer of our time, and Diodorus adds that Iolaus got busy in order to clear land and plant fruit trees.
Sardinia became so rich that that was his downfall. Diodorus us a clue that the island of wealth acquired such a reputation that the Carthaginians, centuries later, "for it endured many struggles and hardships." We can imagine

Iolaus, old but happy, for you to enjoy serenity his last days in his colony, thriving and famous ... but maybe not. Always
Diodorus, in fact, tells us that he returned to Greece and then, returning to the West, he stopped in Sicily. He was accompanied by some of Tespiadi, who stopped in Sicily, and were mingled with Sicani by these extraordinarily honored.

Our Iolaus would do anything to help the children of Heracles, wherever they were, and "system" in positions of prestige.
too old, or even after death (!) Iolaus was ready to give them a hand.

is said, in fact, that the wicked Eurystheus, king of Mycenae and persecutor of Heracles, after the death of attacked his children defenseless. Iolaus rushed to defend, with the help (once again) the usual Ateniesi.Pare that Eurystheus was a much cowardly: every time he gave Heracles a chore to be done and hope there will remain dry. And when the hero returned with his beautiful prize, the king of Mycenae, ran to hide safely in a pretty jar of bronze. But the sons of Heracles, in his opinion, should not be so dangerous as the father ...
But the army was defeated at Mycenae, Eurystheus and Iolaus chased and captured him, then took the prisoner to Alcmene, the mother of Heracles and asked what to do: Alcmene ordered that Iolaus was beheaded and executed the sentence.
So far nothing strange. If not that a variant Iolaus tells us that at the time was old or even dead!
The myth describes him dead in Sardinia, but as a good "sleeping under the mountain" (see notes to know what I mean!), Was resurrected just for the company ... A variation
more "rational" (and never quotes were more appropriate in this case) said that was not exactly dead, but only very old (sic). In view of the danger, Hebe, wife of Heracles and the divine goddess of youth, gave him back for a day and force youth to eliminate the enemy of the famous uncle.

that as it may, before eventually Iolaus arrived or returned to death. The honors were bestowed great: Tespiadi honored him as the progenitor, with the title of "Iolaus Father (the Pater Sardus?), Offered sacrifices to him as a god, they built the temples and recognized honors worthy of a hero. But what
Tespiadi?
not forget that some remained in Thebes
... And speaking of Thebes, Pausanias tells us that in this very city, in front of the doors Pretidi at the stadium and the gymnasium, the Thebans indicate a building like the heroon of Iolaus. The heroon is a heroic monument, which usually contained the dead body of the hero.

But Pausanias himself assures us: Theban Iolaus recognized that, Tespiadi and the Athenians that he made the migration, lay dead in Sardinia. On the island there were places called (again!) Iolaei where Iolaus was receiving honors from the inhabitants. It reinforces the concept
Solino: the Iolesi added a temple to the tomb of the hero because, similar in value to his uncle Heracles had released Sardinia for many ills that are not explained.
Tespiadi and Iolaus are perhaps the same "men sleeping in Sardinia [...] next to the heroes" of which Aristotle speaks, and behind which one can see that the rite of incubation was performed in all probability, in the Tombs of the Giants?

The fact is that the long reigned Tespiadi Sardinia. But we will speak in the next post, the last (promesso!) dedicated to the colonization of the grandsons of King Thespis.


Some small notes ...
What I mean by the "sleeping under the mountain" referring to Iolaus? Several legends tell of a king who looks dead, but actually sleeps in a place on the border with the world of the dead (usually a mountain) before returning to help his people in the moment of supreme danger. So it is said for example Arthur, but also to Frederick Barbarossa. Other versions say that Iolaus was present at the funeral pyre of Heracles: the shipment was made in Sardinia, and then, after the death of the great uncle. But mythographers that speak directly of the colony, seem to understand that Hercules was still alive when he left Iolaus. a discordant version of the end of Eurystheus said that it was Illo, the son of Heracles, and his cousin Iolaus to kill the king of Mycenae.

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MIGRATION - E tui, sesi de chine? 10


In the previous post we have left open the question: what changes were made in Sardinia from Iola and his cousins \u200b\u200bTespiadi?
In these lines, to answer. Imagine being

merchants Greeks arriving in Sardinia from the sea, on any day between the early Bronze Age and Iron Age full. It 's our first time on the island, and probably our attention might not be captured by the beauty of the sea and its cleanliness: heavy pollution in the bottom is still to come to the shores of the Mediterranean.
probably coming up with a merchant ship, we will not see even a mass covered with bronze warriors wait belligerent and suspicious of our landing. But almost certainly find other merchants interested in our goods, the people interested in buying or selling, some sent by the local lord.
No, our attention will surely be drawn to the great stone towers, common on the coast and inland, so as to characterize the landscape at strategic points. Those towers are now partially survived almost exclusively within the island, with no top, no plaster, no colors that probably once made them and visible. Why did those towers, called Nuraghe, were almost certainly a place of power, which was to be seen and noticed. Threatening enemies, reassuring allies and subjects.

landed, we pass the island and discover that these towers are everywhere. As the Cyclopean walls of Tiryns and Mycenae, similar to groundwater tholoi vaulted roofs of the Achaeans, but built out of the ground. A work of immense, incredible, made with a skill and an extraordinary relationship of proportion that is not easy in the regions bordering the Great Inland Sea.
Who can be built? The lords of the island, tell us.
But who are the gentlemen who have so much power, so much wealth? And who was the architect who designed these fortresses, residences, warehouses and so on?
We are Greeks and we can not conceive that nothing extraordinary can be done by those who have greek blood in his veins.
therefore justified. Perhaps some Punic speaks of the lords of the Island as descendants of Melqart, perhaps the gentlemen define themselves sons of the great god of the West. We Greeks, wiser and more learned, we know that behind Melqart and behind many of the direction where the sun sets, it hides our great hero Heracles.
And behind the plan of those towers, there can be a long breed of craftsmen and builders who are experimenting with techniques to pass information for centuries. No one man, a greek, only he may have had the same brilliant engineering that he used to make the big building called the Labyrinth of Crete, so complex that it is impossible to go out if you do not have a guide. This genius of antiquity is Daedalus, the Athenian. This
tell our compatriots when we come back nell'Ellade: there is an island in the middle of the Western Mediterranean, inhabited by the sons of Heracles, the same Tespiadi of which tells the migration, and Daedalus built for their fabulous tholoi and gymnasiums for physical exercises, and courts, and city.

Not much else tells the myth of Tespiadi.
Diodorus tells us that after the conquest of the island, Iolaus, son of quell'Ificle who was brother of Heracles, divided up the territory in order to develop agriculture, founded cities, built gymnasiums, temples, and "everything that makes life happy of men. " Named after the most beautiful head of the plains were called "Iolaee" until the time of Diodorus (90 BC), and always in honor of the son of Iphicles, the mix between Tespiadi, Greek colonists and former residents dell'isola, prese il nome di Iolaei: i tespiadi, infatti, onoravano Iolao come se fosse un padre.
In un altro punto, sempre Diodoro ci aggiunge che Iolao non ideò tutto personalmente, ma mandò a chiamare dalla Sicilia l'architetto Dedalo che, come abbiamo visto , dopo aver causato la morte di Minosse, aveva bisogno di "cambiare aria". E gli edifici esistevano ancora all'epoca di Diodoro, ed erano chiamati "Daidaleia" dal loro ideatore.

Come detto per Diodoro durante la spedizione Iolao fondò anche importanti città. Ma quali?
Pomponio Mela ci riferisce che tra gli abitanti più antichi dell'isola c'erano gli Iliensi (forse una versione degli Iolaei), and that there were among the first cities Karalis and Sulci. The synthetic pitch, perhaps suggesting that the two main cities of the island were somehow related to Iolaus and his Iolaei \\ Iliensi. But we know that
Karalis, in other versions, is the foundation of Aristeo , and also Nora Norac foundation, it must have been already built at the time of Iolaus. If Karalis not be attributed to him, was the foundation of Sulci Iolaus? Or, simply, we want to draw too much from the string passed by Pomponio, who just wants to designate two types of antiques (and the people of the two cities), but without wanting to establish a link between the two?
The other authors are not helpful. Diodorus, we have seen, is generic.
Pausanias is not clear, and indeed even move the focus from the south (the "boss below") to the north (the "head on"). For him, in fact, foundations were two urban under Tespiadi: Olbia Ogrille and built by the Athenians to the expedition in honor of one of them, called Ogrillo.
Solino, author of the third century AD, it remains the foundation of Olbia by Iolaus, but adds that the hero he founded "other Greek cities." But what?
In conclusion we sense that the true urban myth of Sardinia, more or less systematic, can be traced back to Iolaus and Tespiadi: they founded Olbia and "other cities", but it is not impossible to know for sure which ones.

Among the buildings, in addition to "tholoi" and the courts, the authors reminded the gymnasiums, gyms typically Greek. We remember them with others Diodorus buildings, but other authors give us some more information. A comment
ode of Pindar shows an earlier comment made by admin. Yes, that's the writer who inspired the "Didymus Cleric 'to Foscolo. Didymus would say that at Thebes, in the gymnasium of Iolaus, the Heraclidae races held in memory of Amphitryon, the putative father of Heracles. Iolaus himself did on those occasions in honor of the funeral of a distant person but "in reality the memory of Iolaus had turned to Sardinia.
What does this passage cited by a commentator to comment?
seems to intuit, along with other information we have, that the cult of heroic Iolaus was linked to sports. And this is not strange: the funeral games in honor of a famous person were the norm in the heroic world. But we can go to say that the races were a characteristic of Iola, and for this reason the authors emphasize the presence in Sardinia of high schools created by the son of Iphicles? After all, we must not forget that in the first edition of the Olympics and then in the games in honor of Pelias, Iolaus was the winner of the most prestigious race, the race with the cart.

Our world traveler Pausanias, speaking of Thebes, referred to as the city stands a gymnasium and a stadium, before the doors Pretidi. There, according to the Thebans, was the heroon of Iolaus. In short, the tomb of heroic Iolaus was once again tied to sporting events. Yet the same
Thebans, according to Pausanias, acknowledged that the real tomb of Iolaus, the Tespiadi and the Athenians went with them, were in Sardinia.
At this point it will be necessary to tell what happened to our characters after the great period of colonization.
I'll tell in the next post.

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MIGRATION - E tui, sesi de chine? 9



After a long pause due to more or less pagan holidays, we resume the narrative of the myths that speak of the arrival of the first inhabitants of Sardinia.
We had stopped in the middle of a consignment of Tespiadi , the sons of Heracles, and from there again. The arrival of

Tespiadi poses certain problems: Who were the members of the expedition? What were the relations with the natives? As it became the island on their arrival? Let's start

composition of the new shipment of colonization. As we said
, from love of the great labors Hercules were born 50 children from 50 daughters of king of Thespis Thespis . Good: 40 of these children were sent from father to Sardinia to form a colony. An oracle would have ordered the hero Heracles and was glad to obey.
In their guide was the most faithful cousin Iolaus , the favorite nephew of Heracles.

In fact, drains (comments) to Dionysus give us a version that sees even Hercules himself to lead the expedition. The hero would be able to unify into a single people, children and Sardis, and then would send reinforcements from Greece. This second wave included the
Cadmeans (ie inhabitants of the Theban citadel of the city), and the Etoli Locresi . In short, with Heracles would leave the cream of the nations of Central Greece. The usual
Pausanias, the author of our tour guides, the Athenians also adds to the migrants. On the contrary: for him the expedition left its Act.

it went how it went, every nation had united to this wave of immigration, it was a set of composite people. However, once you are in Sardinia, the various facets of P disappear under the general heading of Iole. And since
this name for mythographers is linked to the name of Iolaus, we will follow the mainstream of the tradition that sees Iolaus just as the guide of the expedition, and not the more famous uncle. According to Diodorus the

Tespiadi were led by Iolaus for various reasons: Tespiadi were very young (even though they left when they had already reached manhood), and this command was a kind of reward Iolaus , who had participated in almost all businesses of Hercules

The expedition arrived in Sardinia, apparently without much difficulty. But, as told, the island was not an empty land: various waves of migration had preceded the tespiadi .
What were the relations between Heraclidae \\ Tespiadi and the previous inhabitants?

According to the version seen before, due to the drains Dionysus, Heracles peacefully Sardis and the newcomers.
The trend that indicates that a leader of the expedition was Iolaus, instead it divides into two branches: the first talks about a merger with the natives that appears peaceful, consistent with what he says the scholiast of Dionysus , but the second one deals with war.
The first branch of the tradition is followed by Strabo : the greek geographer tells us that generically Tespiadi "lived together with the Barbarians who then occupied the island" (remember that for Strabo these former inhabitants were Tirreni). So even Solino: the author of the third century AD Iolaus obtained "with enticements that divided the minds of the people we come to harmony" and then proceeded to the founding of the city. But the Sicilians

Diodorus sees it differently: first Iolaus arrived with "a large army of Greeks and Barbarians," and then explains that the colonization occurred only after Iolaus "won Indigenous in battle "in another passage that reiterates Iolaus " conquered the island. " The appearance is not belligerent
negligible: the foundation the colony was, for the ancient, an act of of a land claim. We have already seen d and migrants "return" to the lands of their ancestors, claiming possession.
Dionysus recalls that, in the wake of his expeditions to the West during some of his legendary labors (especially those in search of the Hesperides Pomi and oxen of Geryon ), Heracles considered that it should be considered the Lord of all the 'West. Sending children must have seemed a sort of "division of the paternal heritage" in advance.

The arrival of these children of Greek Heracles was so peaceful or not? Remaining in the context of pure myth, without going into complicated (and debated) scientific interpretations of scholars, the answer can not be definitive.
But we can remember that Diodorus Siculus, as well as an author be oldest Stabon Solino and was, in fact, a native of Sicily. In addition to physical proximity to Sardinia (which hypothetically to the vrebbe could allow an investigation of possible personal "territory"), had access to writings dating back to the Carthaginian, who then had different versions from the most pro-Roman grecizzanti and later. But anyway

has played the arrival of the shipment, all mythographers agree with the "after": The island was conquered by Iolaus, reorganized, and reached a development never seen before.
disappeared (almost all) the previous names of peoples: the new people that was formed from the union between the Greek settlers and earlier inhabitants took the name of yawl (or rather: Iolaei ) from Iolaus. Or Iolesi , says Solino. Or Iliensi , similar name, but also due to a different etymology, equally fascinating , of \u200b\u200bwhich more later. For now

this is enough: the colony was stable, the population was melting. Iolaus wanted to turn Sardinia, her leap "forward." And this brings us to the third of the questions we asked at the beginning of this post.
But the answer the next time we'll see.


Some small notes ...
If Tespiadi were only 50 and 40 of them went to Sardinia, which happened to the other 10? Apollodorus tells us that seven remained with Hercules to Calydon, and three were sent back to Thebes, the birthplace (in one version) of the glorious father.
The numbers do not match in Diodorus Sicilian: he says that only two were returned to Thebes, and that the other parties with Iolaus. but one more or one less, the substance does not change that much ...

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returning from pagan festivals dedicated to the birth of Sol Invictus, before we begin the narration of the events of Iolaus and Tespiadi in the colonization of Sardinia, step on the newsstands. And I see
"Mythos," the new collection's files D .
Obviously I can only buy the first issue and see if I have, alas, open a mutual initiative to follow potentially interesting.

The starting price is me uncomfortably higher: 2.99 € for the first issue, instead of the usual 1.99. Will the crisis, I think, because the successive numbers are part of a more "traditional" price of € 10.99 per issue.
However, the newsagent did not even bother to say "I'm sorry, I do not have one hundredth of a rest," (default answer: "Do not worry"). Yes, I would say that there is a crisis, and that at this point we could also put an end to the hypocrisy of the advertising € X, 99 (have you noticed how some 'time ago it was not X, but X 99, 90? Always crisis ...).

The scheme of the work is almost a classic gadget + file (in this case hand-painted miniature monsters, gods and heroes).
The first thumbnail (the Minotaur) little to say: nice, well made, weighing the right time.
But since my bookshelves are overflowing and that (yet another) alas, I no longer battles with toy soldiers for a time, can not be towing the thumbnail for my next purchase.

then I open the file: you start with several statements of the author of (beautiful) picture from which he is the miniature, and we sense that his drawings and the miniature was considered the strong point of the work.
So a new story on the "monster" in question, the author said neither the beginning nor the end (it is located in a total credit of the series, and This does not bode well for its own benefit). The story is not much: "The House of Asterion" by Borges, of course, cost too much in royalties.

Then there is the "Inside the myth": the usual social news spread, some genealogical chart, the usual layout "attractive" to the Focus. The content is more or less what you can find in our post ... and the next in the series.

The last section, "Beyond the Myth": A string page where you give notice of succssive readings and links are also a bit 'risky. Okay the "double labyrinth of Shining as the heir to that of Crete, but see" Alien "a follower of our show, it seems a bit 'too much. Much better

another booklet: the genealogical chart "global" is hanging from Hesiod's Theogony (soon to be hung) to the wall. Bonus only for the first issue, we are told.

the remainder of the first output is substantially complete with advertising material that glorifies subscription to fixed price, with discount on second \\ third exit and must be read from table (plastic?) For free.
already seen everything.

What to say?
The work is certainly popular, but a popular mid-level low. In short, for those who have vaguely heard of the Minotaur (or Neptune \\ Poseidon, or Medusa), and I want to take the news more simple and straightforward. Graphics in standard and now has spread (box, with annotated text images, etc..), But I believe that sometimes confuses rather than clarifies.
The price is set up similar works, but the relationship quality and price for those who "want a little 'more' is very unattractive.

I, at least, I avoided a new mortgage.

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MIGRATION - E tui, sesi de chine? 8



In previous bet (just to give a tone to our soap opera story) we talked about the erotic source Tespiadi. But the forty children of Heracles who came to colonize Sardinia were not alone.
They were accompanied by a hero who is not among the most famous, because, ahilui!, Often found himself a champion of the shoulder: the shoulder or just amateur quell'Eracle infinite capacity (which we hope has remained Sardinian heritage his descendants ... even today).

The hero Iolaus, son of Iphicles, the brother of Heracles himself. In

parody that makes Sam Raimi in the TV series "Hercules," one of the recurring gag is that everyone knows Hercules \\ Hercules, Iolaus and nobody remembers.
Yet there is no episode in which the expressionless Kevin Sorbo (Hercules, in fact) is joined by his equally curly-haired companion blank (the actor Michael Hurst).
In "reality" of the myth, Iolaus does not appear immediately. It could not be otherwise: Heracles and Iphicles were twins (although Iphicles was mortal and divine Heracles). So we had to wait for the least gifted of the two erotically (Iphicles, in fact) to reach the right age to be able to generate as much as the nephew of his uncle's daughter along with Automedusa Alcatoo.

Iolaus's career, however, was not entirely secondary. His main occupation was the charioteer of Heracles, but even in this seemingly secondary role, the young hero was able to stand out. According to myth, in fact, it was Iolaus the first winner of the race on the cart to the first Olympics of the mythical history. And the good Iolaus gave an encore in the specialty to the next games in honor of the late Pelias.

During the 12 labors of his uncle, Iolaus earned everlasting fame. Without him, for example, Heracles could never defeat the Hydra of Lerna: the story goes that every time Hercules beheaded a monster's head, neck cut two heads sticking out just as deadly!
intervened at this point just Iolaus: As soon as my uncle was cutting a head, now the nephew burned the wound with a glowing ember, thus preventing the miraculous rebirth. A whole forest was burnt, and is considered worthy of reproach those who think that the bad habit of Iolaus went to Sardi current fires.

Among the other companies 'minor' next to his uncle, took part in the campaign against Troy Iolaus, Heracles helped to lift the arms to Cycnus died, went to the Far West when confronted Heracles Geryon to steal his great herds participated in the expedition the Argonauts.

confidence in the nephew of Heracles was immense. Even when the demigod divorced his first wife Megara, he married the former wife to his nephew. The unlikely pair Iolaus \\ Megara had a daughter, Leipefile, a name which seems to mean "Love for the Abandoned" (Or, more properly, "for those who had left the tribe" ... but here you will enter into discussions on the matriarchy:-P). Some malignant
said that between Hercules and Iolaus was a loving relationship. On the contrary: that Iolaus was the love of many heroes of Greek mythology.

In any case, Uncle Iolaus repaid with loyalty and following it during the exile imposed upon Heracles by Eurystheus jealous.
So there are just so strange that he gave Heracles the task of bringing in Sardinia most Tespiadi, although it is disputed whether this was before or after the death of Heracles.
In this regard, among other things, we must not forget one important fact: Some versions see Philoctetes as the one who lit the funeral pyre of Heracles, like they say it was just THERE Iolaus ritualistic. The pyre burnt all residues from the mortal body of Hercules, thus allowing it to ascend to heaven as a god.

After the death of his uncle, Iolaus did not stop to help his cousins, the Heraclidae. According to one version, as mentioned, some of them brought to Sardinia at that time. According
other hand, returned to Greece from Sardinia when he learned that the remaining Heraclidae were threatened by Eurystheus.
Here are more hyperbolic versions of the other. The first says that Iolaus was already old when you are ready to meet Eurystheus; he also was not a young man, because it was a few days older than Hercules! But Zeus and Hebe, the divine wife of Heracles, returned for one day the youth and strength in Iola, in Modoc eh could better address the decisive battle. According to other
mythographers, Iolaus was even dead! But Heraclidae needed him, so the resurrected hero.
was how it was, Iolaus Eurystheus confronted and killed him. Then he returned to his grave (or his old age), but was revered in Sardinia for a long time.

How and why this happened, we will say in the next post.

Some small notes ...
That Iolaus participated in the expedition against Geryon and the theft of Pomi the Garden of the Hesperides, it is not surprising. It is likely that the figure of Iolaus is also merged with the figure of a hero "Western" and that Geryon is the Hesperides are connected to the West and away the most part unknown to the Greeks. not forget that Geryon had a daughter who Eriz, merged with Mercury \\ Hermes, father of Norac, a predecessor of tespiadi in the colonization of Sardinia (and if you do not remember the events of Norac, click here! ).
Depending on the model or Tartessus Geryon ruled over the island of Eriz but not named by his daughter, but the wife of Geryon, one of the Hesperides, daughters of Atlas: the Garden of the Hesperides think it was right next to the island.

Skin Rash That Look Like Scratches

MIGRATION - E tui, sesi de chine? 7



has finally arrived in Sardinia the real bigwig colonization legendary. Or those intended to give continuity to their migration. Because if
Aristeo was a big myth, the island had only a "hit and run." (If you missed the arrival of agriculture, herding, and whatever else the city in Sardinia click here!).

The bigwig were many, were the amazing results of a sexual record which was ever seen in Greece (and the world), were recommended by dad Heracles, and were accompanied by a hero who was destined to battle for the last resurrection (or at least a miraculous rejuvenation). It came to stay. They were
Tespiadi, the sons of Heracles born to a marathon of sex, and was with them Iolaus, the favorite nephew of the greatest hero of Greece.
Their story is told by pretty well, as the Sardinians should descend from them ...

narrates the myth that Hercules was on a trip to Greece, during one of his companies. Specifically it says that, at eighteen, his first company "public" was hunting a lion which infested the Monte Cicero at Thebes. The hunt was not easy for the still young hero, and Hercules decided to put his camp in the nearby town of Tempe. Here resided Thespis, the son of an Athenian king Erechtheus, who had gone to found this city in Boeotia.
Heracles was young, but not unknown: it was rumored that already was the son of Zeus, and the fact that he strangled two snakes threatening, when he was still in the cradle, seemed to substantiate this rumor.
seemed destined for a glorious future (self-fulfilling prophecy, for that matter) and the ambitious Thespis decided to intermarry with him. The concept of "reputation for integrity of the daughters" do not worth with the being-in-law of Zeus.
Thespis is said that he had 50 daughters, all born according to the version by his wife Megamedia or by various concubines. Thespis is said King suffered a helpful and generous host. Fatigue hero who was returning after a day's shooting, offered food, wine, a bed ... and daughters. Heracles, who did not shun any of the pleasures of the flesh, he said no.

versions are different. Some say that the hunt lasted 50 days and 50 nights for a different Thespis daughter ended up in bed with Heracles. Some say that the hero was too tired from the chase, and then Heracles (which often does not shine for insight in the myths) does not recognize that the girl was different every night. But the blow never failed, if I may say so ...
Some say that the hunt lasted seven days. Here Hercules is not confused at all: despite the tiredness seven girls per night (eight special night) were filled for his tireless attention. Finally there are those who exaggerate
: irrespective of the duration of the hunt, in a single night Heracles possessed all the fifty daughters of Thespis, we do not know if in one big (forgive the expression) or stacked one after another. Faced with this challenge, maybe even John Holmes and Rocco Siffredi have dreamed (or shaken).

Regardless of the number for lovers of night, however, all the girls conceived a child by Heracles. Imagine that, nine months later, the palace of Thespis was in full activity and agitation. All the girls give birth to male children, of course (Heracles in his life would have generated only males, except one daughter), and in fact: the biggest and the smallest of the daughters of Thespis gave birth to twins. Thespis
could not be more proud. Children grew up and probably showed them all as a sign of divine favor.
the king's friendship with Heracles lasted over time: It is said that after he purged the hero, in a fit of madness sent by the jealous stepmother Hera, Heracles killed children who had to Megara.

Then one day, when her grandchildren were old enough to Thespis, the king asked his son what destiny awaits the boys: Heracles, now famous, two were allowed to reside in Thebes, seven remained in Thespis, and all other parties to the Sardinia, to colonize the island.
The forty settlers would be driven by Iolaus, the favorite nephew of Heracles, but this hero talk in the next post.

Some small notes ...
The fifty children are a must mythology. The number is the basis for a perfect number as 100 (50 +50 sons or daughters, wives or spouses = 100 in all).
We already know the 50 daughters of Danaus terrible and unfair to tie the wedding with the 50 cousins, all children of Egypt, but 50 are the Nereids of the sea and 50 daughters of Nereus will be the sons of Priam.

How Long Can I Take Ativan

MIGRATION - E tui, sesi de chine? 6



Brace. Because, finally, the big boys are coming.
Yes, the colonization of Sardinia is not only known "children." He also witnessed the arrival of "important people".
do not know if this has been an honor, but there was also this. We must simply accept.
What then behind the "big boys" is hiding interpretatio the Greek god of some other foreigner, do not know.
(If you do not know what the Greek interpretatio, migrate temporarily to our small note at the bottom and then come back!)

The first big as we have already appointed: Aristeo. Already from the name (linked to the aristos = "best", the "noble", etc..) Understand that this is not a secondary character. E 'son of Apollo and Cyrene, but not a "son of" nebulous as they are Norac and Sardo. Far from it!

Aristeo, in fact, appears in various myths, some very famous.

E 'him, for example, that chases Eurydice, wife of Orpheus, and it causes death. So Orpheus must descend into Hades to seek his beloved. Note little story, no?
E 'him the father of Actaeon, turned into a stag and torn to pieces by its own for seeing the goddess Artemis naked. But

Aristeo is above all a great "culture hero" who brings knowledge to mankind. Aristeo is a great hunter, he has to "discover" the honey for our species, humanity is he to explain various aspects of cultivation, as the olive.
And finally he is especially deadly to teach the techniques of farming and the manufacture of cheese.

That alone would be enough to plug it trivially to our island, especially if you're one of those banal contemporary believe that the most banal stereotypes about Sardinia (Sardinian are all pastors "...).

Aristeo But, I recognize mythographers Greeks, did not stop there: it was in Sardinia colonizer and founder of the city.

Alas!, There are the myths of the Phoenicians, not to mention those of Sardi themselves. So we can not know whether, under the name of greek Aristeo, there really is the father of Actaeon, or more likely some other hero of the far West that the Greeks identified with Aristeo. It was an important person, surely, of which there are testimonies of worship in the southern part of Sardinia. It is no coincidence ...


says a writer, someone believed to be Aristotle, that Sardinia, "in ancient times, was prosperous and dispenser of each product. Our writer (yes, well let's call it "Pseudo-Aristotle" as do the scholars) reports that it was said that the case could only be one: Aristeo had arrived with his wealth of knowledge ("Women! It 's got 'grinder! ") in otherwise civilized lands backward.
According to the fragments of Sallust, that sometimes we have mentioned, the route taken by Aristeo was: tormented by the death of Actaeon, his mother advises him to leave Thebes in Greece and look elsewhere. Before you go Crete (then uninhabited), Daedalus and then meets with him to get to Sardinia.
Silio Italico causes stresses and the travel destination. But

mythographers and historians do not always agree on versions. If you remember (if I do not remember, click here !) Crete at that time was not so mythical depopulated. Indeed, he was a naval power. It did not leave a Crete that Daedalus was coming, but fled from Minos, he disappointed in several ways. A Minos who had reigned for years after inheriting the throne of Crete by his stepfather.

short, according to various sources, Sallust had been mistaken. But the strange thing is
I serve, the famous commentator of Virgil, refers precisely to a passage in Sallust, Crete and the island is not uninhabited, but CEO.

The Sicilian Diodorus, it corrects the shot. The path Aristeo was more articulate. First stop in a CEO (which leaves some descending), then go in the Libya (we imagine in the region of Cyrene, which he dedicated to mothers?) And finally arrives in Sardinia. This
Agha Khan of high times is the beautiful island ... and colonization. So is being done to improve it: plantations and crops rise thanks to his work, and are flourishing. So much so that his two sons were born here: Carmo and Callicarpa. "Callicarpa" means "beautiful fruit ", and" Carmo "is linked to the word meaning" joy, joy. "
I'm not certain names from agriculture in crisis! However, our
Istance eore (cultural) did not stop there, but moved to "other" islands, finally arriving in Sicily. What are the islands touched on this trip we do not know, but just say that it was the Egadi, it seems a bit 'reductive.

Yes, but when he got Aristeo? In that position he finished in this race between those who wanted to colonize Sardinia?
pluricitata Our source, not the tourist-by-case Pausanias, is a bit 'summary of the opinions and reasoning on it. Even in his Aristeo partly due to the pain of the death of Actaeon and arrives in Sardinia after the Libyans (Sardo). Pausanias
dispute that has come with Daedalus (fleeing from the Cretans, in one of the sources consulted by our visitors writer), in chronological questions: Aristeo lived in Thebes in Boeotia at the time of the sons of Cadmus, Daedalus at the time of Oedipus, after a few generations. So the time has not come back.
(cadmium, immigrant and founder of the famous city, we'll talk again ...) there was or was not
Daedalus, Pausanias is sure: Aristeo introduced agriculture in Sardinia, but not established cities. In fact, both in the number of settlers as "work force" was not in this shipment able to build one.

And here there is no agreement. Solino (III century AD), in fact, as we have said elsewhere, said Aristeo founded Karalis, and unifies them Libi (Sardo) and Iberia (of Norac) that previously refused any authority.

Once again the puzzle of the mythical origins of the inhabitants of Sardinia appears contradictory. When he arrived
Aristeo? Came before or after the other? Who accompanied him? Karalis founded or not?
The answer may have been told in comic form. Also on our service, in fact, tells us that Daedalus stopped in Sardinia, then reached Cumae in Campania, and he founded the famous Temple of Apollo where Enea also made a stop on the road with his Trojans.
Here, on the doors of the temple, he painted the steps of his journey.

But what would Daedalus in Sardinia (and even some of the Trojans detour on the island), we'll talk again.


Some small notes
A site that collects the various versions of the myth of Aristeo in Sardinia can be found here .

interpretatio What is Greek? Our Greek friends were in the habit of believing to have invented their own, and that they were the only ones talking greek. So, in anticipation of centuries Christians who converted pagan gods into saints, even the Greeks "interpretation" of gods and heroes of other people as "bad translation" and "misunderstanding" of gods and heroes of Greece. A sort of cultural colonialism. So
Melqart Phoenician, for some of its characteristics was considered equivalent to Hercules, Amon \\ Ammon was identified with Zeus, and so on.
So it is not unlikely that the name of Aristeo son of Apollo, tied to Boeotia and Arcadia, was superimposed on some hero (or god) African Phoenician, Sardinia or whatever, with whom he shared the link with agriculture and pastoralism.

No Birthday Present Pay For Meal Wording

authoritative definition - Myths modern


Sergei Luk'janenko is the Russian author who revolutionized the world of Fantasy saga with his Guardian. The idea is simple: almost all the mythical creatures, whether they be good or bad, really exist. They are the "Others", created by humans but fundamentally different. They are divided into two camps: the forces of Darkness and the Light forces, fighting an endless war. Although, in reality, an updated version of the Cold War, have reached a status quo: They plan, plot, you check each other, but basically neither side can prevail over the other.
In one of the tales that make up the volume "The Guardians of the Dusk", a powerful character is killed. It is killed in a way that seems for an even more unlikely. So while we talk about books for these mythical mythical beings, is an interesting dialogue ...

- In the intelligence we have our agents - Edgar retorted. - But if it was that the resumption of research and that there was a leak, Vitezslav's death remains a mystery. No James Bond would be able to approach him without being noticed.
- Who is James Bond? - Zavulon churches.
- Part of the mythology - Geser explained. - Mythology today.

S. Luk'janenko, Guardians of Twilight, Third Story, Oscar Bestsellers Mondandori 1947, trans. M. Falcucci.

Patch For Heartgold U

MIGRATION - E tui, sesi de chine? 5


Before cheap flights to Barcelona Cagliari. Before the Erasmus. Before the fleet of Cardinal Alberoni. Before the Viceroy many predators. Before Pedro de Luna and Martin junior.
Before them there were the Balari mercenaries, and even before Norac, Norax or if you prefer. Why
to move from the Iberian Peninsula and conquer Sardinia, distance has never been too much.

But from the first Iberian soil Sardinian Norac.

The Roman historian Sallust in a fragment tells us that Norac was the son of Hermes and Eritehia, daughter of Geryon.
Which is like saying that Norac was from the West, from Iberia. Why Geryon the three bodies, the fact Heracles out because their herds were not too good to be stolen, before ending up in Dante's Inferno, was a king of the land where the sun goes down.
In fact, according Solino (III century AD), Norac and his left from Tartessus in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Cadiz. The usual

Pausanias (second century AD) adds that the Iberians arrived in Sardinia after Aristeo. Some may argue that maybe we should talk about Aristeo first to tell the Iberians, but we will see that the matter is more complex than it seems.
Anyway, Pausanias says that, with imagination, Norac gave his name to the town of Nora. And in most states that this was the first city \u200b\u200bof the island.
If we remember that the previous inhabitants as happened often lived in huts and caves, the arrival of the English (first and last time in the troubled history of Sardinia) coincided with an increase.

So, thanks to Norac was founded the first city.
But the island's environment, even then, no one would deny that success, alas English: the famous definition that sees as Sardis "pocos, locos y unidos mal."
"Locos" (crazy) do not know, really. But they were "ill-unidos" (disunited) was not something he doubted. Among the Iberians and Libyans Nora arrived earlier under the guidance Sardo there were conflicts.
To remedy the situation we wanted to, if not a miracle, at least a demigod. Indeed Solino always tells us that reigned Aristeo not far from Nora, which he founded in the Cagliari.
In the new town, destined to be the most important of Sardinia, the son of Apollo would have merged the Libyan tribes (bring on the island of Sardinia) and the Iberian (capacities from Norac): These people, although there were not accustomed to, accepted willingly his government.
But if the conflict were already there before the birth of Cagliari, the question that is Aristeo could come at a time after the arrival of the Iberians is at least legitimate. Since

here the news on the colonization of the south of Sardinia by the Iberians.

But if we talk about the center and north of the island, the matter becomes more complex, and the Iberians in comeback game.

The great naturalist Pliny the Elder, before he died of the ashes of Vesuvius, wrote that the most famous people of Sardinia were the Ilies, the Balari and courses. Of course we said, we will speak of Ilies, Balari of us have to deal with now.
Why the name too reminiscent of the Balearic Islands, intermediate between the Iberian Peninsula and Sardinia.
And what was the name of Iberian origin, or at least related to that area, there is also confirmed by Silius Italico. The poet at some point of his work speaks of Vettonia, inhabitants of Lusitania (now Portugal) and Cantabria (north-west Spain): well, he said their leader was called Balar.

But what relationship existed between the Iberians and Balari?
First, the sources seem to favor the subsequent arrival of a Balari: an arrival in historical, not mythical, in fact. When Nora was in a town of some commercial and political relations with the Carthaginians.
Yet another fragment of Sallust tells us that the courses allocated to Sardinia Balari believed the refugees' Pallantei "(whatever that means), but others were from the army or Hispanic Numidians Carthaginian.
Again Pausanias confirms (or returns?) As told by Sallust. According to him it was African or Iberian in the pay of Carthage. At some point, these mercenaries were fighting with the Phoenician city to issue its own money. So deserted and fled to the mountains of Sardinia.
seems to infer that the courses as "Balari" meant "deserter" (or perhaps "exile"), and since then the name stuck to that population.

Balari That the people were not trusted in the Roman world seems to intuit some sources: Sallust says that they were changing people's mind, shifty-eyed for fear of the allies, dark clothing. Cicerone will speak at Sardis "mastrucati," that is covered with leather.

Strabo, a geographer who lived between the first century BC and first century AD, it has a great review. It tells them that dwell in caves (a constant Sardinian home, apparently ...). He adds that even if they had some arable land, did not bother to put it to good use, rather, preferring to plunder the profits of those who worked, even coming to rob the inhabitants of the area Tuscany.

Livy tells the story of Sardinia, just conquered by the Romans. Against the new rulers, and Ilies Balari formed an alliance and attacked the "pacatam provinciam" (Pacified the province).
It was not an easy fight, and when Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus led Rome's legions in the territory Ilies, the Balari sent large reinforcements.
But Rome, for the moment, prevailed. When

then Ilies rebelled again in Rome during the Second Punic War, at the decisive moment their leader tried to recruit troops Ampsicora between Sardis Pellati. These are
Sardi mastruccati mentioned by Cicero? Balari predators?

Whatever happens, even the Ampsicora uprising ended badly, and Ilies Balari had to give up and drive the Romans.

Some small notes ...
Leaving the myth and entering the History (and disputes) can not fail to mention the famous Stele of Nora, pictured above. Written in archaic Phoenician alphabet, his translation (and interpretation) is discussed: the version of epigraphy "official" (interpretation of Moore-Cross, 1984) speaks of its settlers from Tarshish (= Tartessus?) Arriving in land of Sardi ... But the name of the leader is not alas, one of Norac: Milkaton this would be a dedication by the son of subn.
Obviously the stele, spoiled and hard to read, also has several interpretations (so much so that "son of Milkaton subn" becomes "Sb 'son Milkaton "...).
If we want to accept the theories of some "Independent researchers (STI)" the translation is virtually impossible, because, although written in Phoenician characters, the words would be speaking ... Shardana

Both scholia to Dionysius, is Eustathio confirm that the Iberians came before Heraclidae , who killed the children of quell'Eracle grandfather Norac.
But more about that in a future post.

Pokemon Scizor Nickname

MIGRATION - E tui, sesi de chine? 4


And finally, we first and last names. Or rather, we begin to make Sardinia his name.

To do this we must start with a derby-Torres Cagliari a few decades ago. On the one hand, the choruses were "Tathari delenda", "Zola back fold "and the much more famous" The other night \\ walking down the street. " Across the cry "Cagliaritani Africans."
Well, I do not know if the fans were right rossoblu (Casteddu of the original, of course). Certainly the cabesusesi Torresini were not wrong. Why mythically the Sardinians have come (also) from Africa.
fact: the name of Sardinia is derived from a demigod African
... But let's order. The usual

Pausanias (not Temple), in fact, tells us that the first to reach the island by sea were the Libyans, led by Sardo. The island was already inhabited by indigenous people but, as mentioned, very little we know them. As for courses, Pausanias neglect them here.
Time: Libya antiquity was a concept large enough. Let's say, more or less, was present throughout the Mediterranean Africa, excluding the area of \u200b\u200bCarthage (Africa itself), the Mauretania (present Morocco and Algeria) and Egypt. The origin of these Libi, then, is not easily definable. A
this does not help us the story of Sardo: Pausanias tells us only that he was the son of Makeris (Egyptian name for Heracles and books, according to the author) and made a trip to Delphi. If this trip to the famous oracle of antiquity took place before or after he landed in Sardinia is unknown. But we can remember that in ancient times less mythical and historical, who was going to found a colony on his way to Delphi for directions, perhaps even Sardo did the same and went from the Pythia before migrating.

Pausanias adds that the natives of the island welcomed the Libi "needed the most for that purpose" and that Libi not expelled the natives themselves. A fragment of the Roman historian Sallust tells us that Sardo departed from Libya "with a great multitude" Perhaps the Indians were unable to counter this "multitude" and submitted themselves, merging with the new arrivals.
ensure that Pausanias, however, life did not change much after the establishment of Libi: both the people did not know how to build cities, but lived in huts and caves as well as they could.

Even Pausanias and Sallust tells us that Sardo was to give the new name to the island: Sardinia Sardinia, in fact.
We do not know, however, what was the name given to our land from the natives, but we have a wide choice of names sound greek.
Silio Italico tells us that the island was called by the Greeks Ichnusa, since it has the form of a human foot, and that that name was before the arrival of Sardo. The name is largely confirmed by the late Isidore of Seville, who knows how Ichnos.
Martian Capella, however, as well as original proposed Ichnussa Sandaliotes alternative name, the word for "sandal" and then again in relation to the shape of a foot on the island.
drains the Timaeus Plato says that the original name was Argyrofleps!

The fact that the island got its current name, which Ichnussa remained as the name for a drink and that Libi was settled.

Centuries later, and now we are in historic times, according to Pausanias, the Libyans made a second expedition in Sardinia. This time they were well armed (presumably this is Carthaginians) and attacked the inhabitants of the island Greeks and Trojans. Libi
I won both, but the outcomes for the people attacked were different. The Hellenes \\ Iole, in fact, were almost all annihilated. The Trojans, however, fled to the mountains and more difficult to access due to the roughness of the place and the defensive works, resisted the invader.
Thus, while Libi resemble in appearance, armor and every way of life, they managed to remain independent under the name of Ille. But settlers

Greeks and Trojans we will talk in some future posts.

few small note for non-islanders ...
"Casteddu", the "Castle" is the name of Sardinia Cagliari.

"Cabesusesu" (plural "Cabesusesi") is an inhabitant of "cab'e susu," the "Cape of above, the old administrative district of Spain, which corresponds roughly to the provinces of Sassari and Olbia-Tempio. To identify metonymy the inhabitants of Sassari. The provincial capital

Temple is actually called Tempio, hence the joke above ... The capital is not otherwise come into the myth, if not for his licentious carnival.

Paul Deacon (VIII DC) proposes an alternative name for Sardo: Sarde calls or Sardis, the son of Hercules (clerical error?). He also confirmed that the island's name was derived from him. He adds that the name of the island near-twin (Corsica) comes from Corso, a local leader.